The Number One Article on Essay Help

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Social Responsibility And Business Ethics Essay - 1470 Words

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to assess an article written by William Cohen (2009) which outlines Peter Drucker’s description of the role of social responsibility in business organizations and society. This paper will compare similarities and differences between Cohen’s perspective on social responsibility to the social responsibility and business ethics theories of Drucker and Milton Friedman. Furthermore, this paper will provide a frame of reference on corporate social responsibility and business ethics presented in other research. Social Responsibility Defined Cohen, 2009 wrote in his article that Drucker defined social responsibility as the full responsibility of every organization to assume its impact on employees, the environment, customers, and whoever and whatever it touches. In essence, business organizations should care about the internal and external societal ecosystems where it exists. Other researchers such as (Halme, Roome, Dobers, (2009)) consider Corporate Responsibility as activities implemented by a company that contributes to a better society including its environmental conditions. However, for the purpose of this paper, social responsibility, as defined by Drucker is adopted. Friedman (1970) presented another perspective of social responsibility in business. In consonance, Friedman (1970) writes that the first step in understanding the social responsibility doctrine is to find out what social responsibility implies for each entityShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility1167 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARITIVE BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Essay on Ethics and corporate Social Responsibilities SUBMITTED BY: Karuna Shrestha SID# TIA2346 SUBMITTED TO: Understanding Ethics and CSR (Corporate Social Responsibilities) Corporate social responsibility is no more characterized by the amount of cash an organization adds to charities, yet by its general inclusion in exercises that enhance the nature of individuals lives. Corporate Responsibility has come up as a huge topic in theRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility1828 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Businesses nowadays hold a lot of responsibility when developing and selling products/service ethically. Business ethics is the discussion that many scholars are talking about in securing a business’s reputation and success. In this paper, I will be tackling the surrounding ideals when it’s comes to business ethics and how a business should be run in order to have social responsibility. In addition, the theories that are based around these topics will be added into a scholarly debateRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Social Responsibility879 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility During this short summer class, I have understood more than I ever could have done before. Not only because the study of ethics is crucial, but also because being socially responsible is part of being ethical. Among the most important assignments required from this course are: Journals, discussion boards, social project, and the lectures. However, the first group collaboration was our own code of ethics; from there, students were required to follow it asRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility665 Words   |  3 PagesBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Sexual orientation discrimination includes being treated differently or harassed because of your real or apparent sexual orientation -- whether gay, lesbian, bisexual, or heterosexual. This type of discrimination may be illegal in your workplace, depending on where you work. This is not a personal problem that should be handled among themselves. As an Equal Employment Opportunity company, the company should ensure that guidelines are given andRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesEthics in the workplace help the organization to grow and prosper. They bring about leadership, work culture and literacy. Ethic are beliefs about what’s right or wrong and good or bad based on individual’s values and morals, plus a behavior social context. Ethical behavior conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what’s right and good. Unethical behavior conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about whatâ€⠄¢s wrong or bad. Business ethics refers to ethical or unethical behaviorRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesSOLUTION Business Ethics Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business. Acting in an ethical way involves distinguishing between â€Å"right† and â€Å"wrong† and then making the â€Å"right† choice. It is relatively easy to identify unethical business practices. For example, companies should not use child labor. They should not unlawfully use copyrighted materials and processes. They should not engageRead MoreBusiness Ethics : Moral And Social Responsibility1750 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness ethics are moral and social responsibility that a business is supposed to have towards the community in general. Many companies are concerned about their social responsibility, particularly to the environment and their employees. Our values and morals are our personal guidelines that help us make decisions about what is right and what is wrong. Most companies have policies and procedures it is important for managers and employees to have guidelines to follow in the workplace. I think weRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Social Responsibility Essay233 3 Words   |  10 Pagesvarious interpretations of four separate authors in respect to ethics and social responsibility as they apply to business. The four articles to be reviewed are; â€Å"The Social Responsibilities of Business is to Increase its Profits† by Milton Friedman, â€Å"The Relevance of Responsibility to Ethical Business Decisions† by Patrick E. Murphy, â€Å"What is ‘business ethics’† by Peter F. Drucker and â€Å"To Be Ethical Not To Be: An International Code of Ethics for Leadership† by Ala’ Alahmad. Each of these articles representsRead MoreBusiness Ethics And Corporate Social Responsibility1502 Words   |  7 Pages Nowadays, a business wants to exist and grow in a society, which business ethics and corporate social responsibility are sensitive and crucial objectives, the business should do what is right. Many people agree that business does not exist beyond society, it is a citizenship in the society. Therefore , business has to have many certain obligations and social responsibility. It generally means business have to do something good for the community, making social contribution, and using effectivelyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Business Ethics8391 Words   |  34 Pages CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND BUSINESS ETHICS Final Project Report for Legal Aspects of Management Submitted To Prof. Dr. D.S. Sengar Professor, IIM Lucknow Submitted By Group 9 Abhinav Bansal, PGP31186 Chheda Adarsh Jayesh, PGP31199 Manideep Akarapu, PGP31213 Ritika Srivastava, PGP31226 Surbhi Aggarwal, PGP31239 â€Æ' Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Acknowledgement 4 Business Ethics 5 Corporate Social Responsibilty 7 CSR Law 7 Crisis Management CSR 10

The solution on Accounting Software Package Use in Australia

Question: Discuss about theUsage of Accounting Software/Packages in Australia. Answer: Introduction The report provides a review of literature related to usage of Accounting Systems application/software usage in Australia. The review covers development, usage, adaptability and problems faced in general by business companies while using Accounting packages and software in computers. Accounting applications and software are normally used almost all types of organizations, and while exploring literature related to accounting software or packages, the secondary sources indicated many software are available in the market with a variety of features and functionalities to suit different types of organizations and their operations. Accounting software is also used in educational institutions, non-profit organizations, however in this report an attempt is made to discuss the use of accounting software packages in Australian business environment in general with no focus on any one particular company or software solution provider. The literature reviews provided in the report are obtained fro m secondary sources (journals, conference papers, reports and online information) related to this topic. While reviewing literature it was found that SMEs in Australia comprise of around 99.7% of 2.1 million firms in the country (DIISR, 2011). This interesting statistic influenced the review to be made for accounting software usage in business firms in Australia. The review is made in accordance with the development and usage of accounting software in Australia. The resources reviewed include history, adoption and development, and competitive advantage realized by business firms. The gaps and challenges faced by users in the accounting software are also highlighted. The suggestions to overcome some common challenges that were identified by business firms are also explained. Literature Review The review of literature is made in the context of business research. As mentioned earlier, the usage of accounting software/package in a business environment is reviewed. While reviewing implementation of accounting software in business companies, it was found that business companies can be classified as small and medium businesses (SMB), small and medium enterprises (SME) and large enterprise business companies and other organizations such as governmental organizations, non-profits, banking and insurance, etc. The methodology followed in writing this literature review report is illustrated in figure below: Figure 1: Steps followed in literature review Background of Accounting Software According to Scott (2015), the background of accounting software/packages dates back to 1955, over 60 years now and have evolved a long way along with developments in digital computer technology. From the days of the mainframe computers introduced by IBM, accounting packages and computers seems to naturally fit well in the area of financial management. The developments in digital technologies make significant contributions in improving accounting systems which can be found in computerized software such as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and so on. Brief on Accounting Software Usage Fink (2007) provided a study on the success of information systems in the context of large organizations to evaluate two main variables namely, user practices and design features in accounting software that which are designed and developed in-house. This evaluation was done by public accountants who deal with business companies to provide accounting expertise, controls, and computerized accounting package evaluations. Evaluation for these two variables was done for SMEs because SMEs have increasingly adopted accounting packages within their companies. SMEs make use of information systems for reporting, accounting and outsource their IS operations. The results of the evaluation showed satisfactory ratings for user practices and design but with exceptions in some cases. For instance, the installation process in the software was not well managed, but the functionalities and reporting features were good. This study was made to identify accounting package deficiencies and improve the soft ware to overcome deficiencies. In this study, Fink highlighted the importance of IS success, the usage of accounting packages by SMEs and the involvement of public accountants to improve accounting software. Sori (2009) explained that the involvement of consultants in accounting software implementation and usage will help in identifying incongruence within the accounting IS and the implementation team. A Brief on Accounting Practices The general case of SMEs in Australia explained by financial researchers and experts state that there exists a positive relationship between efficient cash flow management and working capital and the companys profitability. Therefore it must be noted that if an SME will manage its working capital well it can increase profitability and achieve business success (Yazdanfar and Ohman, 2014). At the same time in the case of owner-manager run companies, poor financial controls, and management practices are some of the reasons for the decline in business performance. Vos and Roulston (2008) suggest that in owner-manager run firms must actively engage themselves in monitoring cash flow cycle, break-even and profitability. In addition to these situations, SMEs find their accounting and reporting systems are adequate for accounting and compliance purposes. At the same time, their accounting systems used by SMEs may be inadequate for monitoring company performance on the daily, weekly or monthl y basis. This poor performance in accounting and financial management can be overcome through developing more skills on financial controls and knowledge of computer based accounting software. According to Breen et al. (2003), the motivation for adoption of computerized accounting systems (CAS) by businesses in Australia is mainly driven by IT systems adoption in their companies. Their research project was made to examine the small business usage of CAS and to identify obstacles that prevent business companies from adopting CAS. The overall objective is to encourage adoption of accounting software in SME record keeping. Since accounting packages need an IT system, IT adoption of is influenced by many factors such as making decisions in the organization for IT, using technology for innovation, the overall organizational style, and the business environment. It is found that in large organizations, IT is used extensively, as business operations are computerized. On the contrary, smaller business firms depend on the owner-manager who makes decisions on IT (Liberman-Yaconi et al. 2010). Halabi et al. (2010) suggested that the IT knowledge levels, proficiency and characteristics of owner-manager play a major role in determining CAS in the company. In addition to these constraints it was found that small business companies have resource limitations and in many instances, the owner himself performs the accounting function. For companies initiating the use of accounting packages, public accountants offer support in implementing the accounting package and improving it further (Breen et al. 2003). Hunter (2015) stated that the availability of more powerful computers along with user-friendly accounting software has influenced SMEs to implement IT and accounting software along with other packages in the recent years. There is also considerable research to demonstrate the link between improved business performance and use of accounting package/software. SMEs are found to be using accounting software for obtaining information related to business operations more efficiently (Reid and Smith, 2002). Looking into these circumstances, it can be understood that for having a more systematic and comprehensive performance monitoring of financial data, the owner-manager must be proficient and skilled in accounting software. More financial literacy is also highlighted for SMEs to help them have more control of their finances and sustain themselves in the competition. Mazzarol (2015) suggests the need for a national system such as Australian Small Business Commissioners to provide assistance to SMEs on regulatory changes, information control, advocacy services and in dispute resolution. Many researchers have also highlighted that accounting department maintains books of accounts for all the departments, the input data from other departments came in different formats. This has often resulted in duplication of data and posed challenges while reconciling accounts at the end of the year. This problem is often faced by companies running an accounting package on a standalone computer. The solution to this problem led to the development of centralized database and accounting systems which were used by SMEs and large enterprises. In the centralized database, the problem of data duplication and issues in multiple formats of data is easily handled (Svejvig, 2011). Large business companies implement network-based software systems such as ERP and to maintain the centralized database and establish uniformity and consistency of data from different sources. ERP systems integrate different individual applications in business functions and ensure data centralization and avoid the ne ed for an independent accounting package. ERP software is a business enabler and provides competitive advantage but the implementation is quite challenging and must be done correctly (Xu, 2011). A number of accounting packages are available for use immediately off the shelf and can be customized. Some examples are XERO, MYOB, Oracle, SAP, etc. Conclusion In summary, the report provides a detailed review of the use of accounting software by business companies in Australia with a focus on SMEs. The review summaries are made by using journals, conference proceedings and research reports which are the sources of information. It can be found that SMEs and small companies due to their limited resources face many problems and challenges in effectively managing their finances which can be overcome by the use of centralized databases and software applications. The role and involvement of public accountants in Australia in improving accounting packages used by SMEs are briefly mentioned for its importance to enhance the features of in-house developed software. The use of computerized accounting systems is highlighted to overcome the problems faced by SMEs in managing their cash flow, capital and company performance. The need for a centralized software system such as ERP is highlighted to ensure data consistency and uniformity in business funct ions. References Breen, J., Dr. Sciulli, N. and Calvert, C. (2003) The Use of Computerized Accounting Systems in Small Business, 16th Annual Conference of Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand, Sept 28 - Oct 1, 2003. pp. 3-8. DIISR (2011) Key Statistics: Australian Small Business, AGPS Canberra, Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research. Fink, D. (2007) Information Systems success in small and medium enterprises: An evaluation by Australian Public Accountants, Australian Journal of Information Systems. 4 (1), pp. 32-34. Halabi, K.A., Barrett, R. and Dyt, R. (2010) Understanding financial information used to assess small firm performance, An Australian quantitative study. Qualitative Research in Accounting and Management. 7 (2), pp.163-170 Hunter, M.G. (2015) Strategic Utilization of Informatio Systems in Small Business. PA: Business Science Reference (An imprint of IGI Global). Mazzarol, T., Reboud, S. and Clark, D. (2015) The financial management practices in small and medium enterprises, Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand, 28th Annual SEAANZ Conference Proceedings, 1-3 July, Melbourne 2015. pp. 1-20 Reid, G. and Smith, J. (2002) The Bigger Picture, Financial Management, Chartered Institute of Management Accountants, pp. 24 26. Scott, B. (2015) The Accounting Journal: 60 years of Accounting Software, The Pulse Australia. [Online] Available at: https://myob.com.au/blog/60-years-of-accounting-software-introduction/. [Last Accessed 17-Aug-2016]. Sori, M. Z. (2009) Accounting Information Systems (AIS) and Knowledge Management: A Case Study, American Journal of Scientific Research. (4), pp.36-44 Svejvig (2011) A successful enterprise system re-implementation against all odds - a multi-sourcing case study, Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research. 13(4). Liberman-Yaconi, L., Hooper, T. and Hutchings, K. (2010) Toward a model of understanding Strategic decision-making in micro-firms: Exploring the Australian information technology sector, Journal of Small Business Management. 48 (1), pp.70-78 Xu, L. (2011) Enterprise Systems: State-of-the-Art and Future Trends, IEEE Transactions On Industrial Informatics. 7(4), pp. 630-640.

The Fifteenth President Essays - Presidency Of James Buchanan

The 15th President : James Buchanan was born in a log cabin on April 23, 1791. His parents, James Buchanan and Elizabeth (Speer) Buchanan were Irish immigrants who had made a successful life for themselves as merchants in rural Pennsylvania. James was the second of eleven children and the oldest boy.(Uher) Always eager to learn, he was privately tutored at home, and then he attended the village academy. He later studied law and graduated from Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Soon after the War of 1812, Buchanan's venture into politics began. He was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives at age 23 and served from 1814-1819. In spite of a recent personal scandal, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1820. Buchanan served ten years as a Congressman from Pennsylvania (1821-1831). In 1832, President Jackson made him Ambassador to Russia, where he served 2 years. James Buchanan was well suited to the foreign posting. The two nations had been unable to negotiate a trade treaty, and Buchanan's legal skill enabled him to broker an agreement. In 1833,after returning from St. Petersburg he won a U.S. Senate seat. He served in the Senate from 1834-1845. President Polk named him to be the Secretary of State, from 1845-1849. When he did not win the Presidential nomination in 1852, President Pierce appointed him Ambassador to the Court of King James in England. He served in London, until the election of 1856. By the time Buchanan returned to Washington, slavery had become an important issue in American politics. He objected to slavery personally, but viewed the abolitionist movement as a greater threat to the Union. He claimed that the Constitution upheld the right of Southerners to own slaves and saw it as America's duty to protect slavery in the South. In 1856 Buchanan became the Democratic candidate for president. Having been a long time member of Congress and envoys to Russia and England, Buchanan had many political assets. He was a smooth, pleasantly dull conservative from the North with Southern support. Buchanan was the last president to support a legal recognition of slavery. When he took office the country remained dangerously divided between pro- and anti-slavery states, and he hoped to ease tensions. The situation was further inflamed, however, just two days into his term with the Supreme Court?s Dred Scott decision. The court declared that slaves and their descendents were property, not citizens. Furthermore, the court declared that the government could not dictate a white citizen?s right to own slaves based on where he lived. As a result, Northerners vowed to fight the decision and Southerners threatened to secede.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) In 1819, Buchanan became engaged to Anne Coleman, the daughter of a Philadelphia millionaire. She broke off the engagement after there was some speculation that Buchanan was only marrying her for her money. Coleman died a few days later, possibly a suicide . The physician's records list her cause of death as an overdose of laudanum, an opiate. Buchanan was not allowed to attend the funeral and his letter of sympathy was returned unopened by her father. James Buchanan swore "never to marry in honor of her memory."."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Although he remained a bachelor, James Buchanan did not lack for family life. When he was elected president he took his grown niece Harriet Lane, an attractive and popular woman in her twenties to be White house hostess. Buchanan loved to entertain and the White House saw a social season that rivaled the days of Julia Tyler.."(Miller Center, U. of Virginia) Numerous social events filled the ballrooms, and a Washington frightened by the impending war was only too glad to enjoy the hospitality While in Washington, Buchanan's "room mate" was Senator Rufus King of New York. The two men were virtually inseparable and were rumored to be lovers. They shared a house and a bedroom (this apparently was not uncommon for the time.) There are many written references of the close relationship and Historian James Loewen supports the theory that Buchanan and King were lovers. He notes that the two were referred to around Washington as "Siamese twins" which was contemporary slang for gay couples. Professor Loewen goes so far

Poverty is not a choice essays

Poverty is not a choice essays Recently, I had read an article in The New City newspaper entitled, Poverty is really a matter of choice. I found the article to be quite deceptive. Actually, I was dazed at the editors justification concerning that poverty was a matter of choice. Solomon, in his brief anecdotes about his poor deprived friends was in fact, far from living in poverty. Also, in his next argument using the U.S and Canadas statistics, were found by me to be misleading to the reader. One last thing I would like to mention is on his statement that, Lifestyle choices dictate income levels, not the other way around. But we dont choose to be poor. Solomons explanations on choosing to live in poverty were very ludicrous and very unconvincing. His antidotes and statistics didnt help in convincing, but did a great job of trying to mislead the reader. We human beings, without a doubt, make decisions to our advantage, and never the other way around. So why would we want choose to live a life of poverty w hen we can live a pleasant life of wealth? Since I do not agree with Solomons theory, I would not believe that people would choose to live in poverty. Rather, I believe that poverty is in some way controlled by the persons living environment, education, or maybe perhaps its in their genes ever since the day they were born. Hillary, a hotel chambermaid, was described as middle aged woman living in poverty, in the opinion of editor Solomon. Hillary is a woman who desires a life of simplicity, although not earning much as a chambermaid; she does live a stable and enjoyable life in one of British Columbias picture book valleys. She may not have money for restaurants and VCRs. But despite of those facts, she is not living in poverty. The correct definition of someone living in poverty would be that one does not have enough money for their basic necessitie...

Clench vs. Clinch

Clench vs. Clinch Clench vs. Clinch Clench vs. Clinch By Mark Nichol What’s the difference between clench and clinch? Their meanings are identical, but usage varies. To clench or to clinch is to hold tight. However, clench has limited senses of grabbing something or tightening a part of one’s body, such as a fist or a jaw. Clinch, though it is a variant of clench, is much more diverse in usage, with literal and figurative meanings. It refers to bending or flattening nails, screws, and other fasteners, to closing or settling a deal or an argument, or to guaranteeing a victory. It can also be a noun, referring to the action of holding or hugging, and a clincher is someone or something that secures or settles. The predecessor of clench and clinch is cling, which also has a sense of holding tight, as when someone clings to someone else or to something (whether an object or an idea), but it also refers to things that hold together or adhere, such as material (like fabric or plastic) that wraps closely around a person or an object. Clutch, more distantly related to the other words, has the same basic meaning as clench and clinch but has an additional connotation of sudden movement. In addition, unlike its synonyms, it may suggest an aborted or unsuccessful attempt to grab something or someone. Clutch is also used as a noun to describe a hold or an attempted hold, and it may refer to a mechanical part that holds other components in place during a shifting of gears, or to a pedal that activates such a part. It also has a figurative meaning of â€Å"a difficult situation,† or one may figuratively be caught in someone’s clutches or in a clutch caused by circumstances. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartCapitalization Rules for the Names of Games50+ Words That Describe Animals (Including Humans)

Business ethic case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Business ethic case - Essay Example Counselors have a responsibility to help mitigate the damage done by racism in the workplace. Companies have a responsibility to act justly toward their employees and shareholders. Government has a responsibility to protect the liberty of its citizens. Minorities have a responsibility to speak out against such oppression wherever possible. The majority has a responsibility to protect the weak. Employees have a responsibility to their employers and co-workers to maintain an egalitarian work ethic. Ultimately, the primary stakeholders are individual families, the only stakeholders who are secondary victims of a racist corporate culture. Consider the roots of workplace racism proactively. What causes racism in the workplace? It could be a matter of resources. There may not be enough jobs to go around and people want those of their own race to benefit over others, or it could be a matter of personal intent. People tend to express aggression toward those they see as somehow inferior either physically, mentally or socially. Usually, this tends to be a matter of self-esteem. What understanding must people have to avoid workplace racism? The basic belief everyone must adopt in order to avoid racially charged conflict at work is simple. We must understand that although we may not all look, think, and act alike, everyone has the right to live and survive peaceably within our society. That means although I may not like a person for whatever reason, I should give them the room they need to provide for themselves and their families. If there is no other reason I feel this way, it should be because I wish for the same. If othe rs feel hostile toward me, I want them to leave me alone enough to feel secure in my job and at home at the very least. Some thinkers have posited this notion as the basis for the social contract. Why do humans not simply overrun one another with force and

Casenote Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Casenote - Case Study Example Though this judgement does not lay the law but has only followed precedents in general, it still stresses on the point that the findings of the Ombudsman are binding and also given the fact that the number of people affected by this judgement are many, it attempts to ensure that people are not left without any remedy by seeking reconsideration of the Recommendation by the Parliament. In the course of this case note we shall understand the facts of the case, the law that governed the Occupational Pension Scheme in the light of the precedents and also the discuss the judgement as to its correctness. The broad facts of the case are that the four claimants had individually believing in the information distributed by way of official government publication and also believing in their employer's word invested in the Occupational Pension Scheme only to land in financial crisis after retirement because of winding up. The companies of three out of the four claimants wound up and as a result they could not get more than a fraction of their pension amount, while in the case of the fourth, the pension scheme wound up thereby throwing him into financial crisis. The situation of the fourth claimant is worse as he is not even eligible for the Financial Assistance Scheme promoted by the government as his company is still solvent. Given such a situation, Members of Parliament had made various complaints to the Ombudsman regarding pension losses alleging firstly that the rights of pensioners were not protected, secondly that policy decisions were taken without referring to relevant evidence, th irdly relevant information being distributed was largely misleading material and lastly public bodies were causing unreasonable delay in winding up schemes. Based on these four allegations, the Ombudsman conducted an in depth investigation and relying on a government pamphlet disseminating pension information, submitted a detailed report before the Parliament consisting of findings and recommendations, wherein she held the State guilty of maladministration. In consequence the Public Administration Select Committee (PASC) considered her report along with the oral evidence presented by her and rejected her report completely except for one point. This rejection of the Parliament is the subject matter of the judicial review of the present case. Legal Background Prior to discussing the rationale behind the judgement, it is important to understand the legal background. It has been seen that traditionally pension schemes were governed by the law of trusts but later in 1995 the Pensions Act2 was enacted which dealt with occupational pensions. This Act brought about the establishment of the Occupational Pensions Regulatory Authority and also laid down the rules, regulations, rights and obligations of trustees and also introduced the concept of Minimum Funding Requirement or "MFR"3. The Act also stated that the assets and liabilities of a particular scheme should be equal at all times so that the assets balance the liabilities in case of any

Political Nature Of Music Essay Example for Free

Political Nature Of Music Essay Music has influenced man in a lot of ways and it can be evidently seen in the events that have occurred throughout the years. The vastness of musics capability to create influential concepts and ideas ranges from the smallest of intents to the broadest of intentions. Politics is not an exemption to the scope of musical boundaries. Through the years, music has provided various influential impacts to society and to politics. In the United States, music has become a popular method to promote political intentions. Music and Politics Through the years music has evolved and added up different genres from time to time. This aspect of music provides a wider range of impact on different types of music lovers. From punk to hip-hop, jazz up to pop, these different musical styles possess the influential aspects that determine the concept of music and its ability to affect people. There are various artists and bands who blatantly express their political outcries through the use of their music. There have been the bands from the past until present who showcase their protests to political leaders and their actions. To these bands, their capability to influence people most especially the die hard fans makes them believe that they can make an impact or better yet a change to society. This potential of bands to influence and affect the perceptions of people is a powerful tool that displays musics power. Bands and artists that showcase their political views creates a controversial stir due to the fact that not all people have the same political views. Despite all of this, these bands continue to stand on their opinions and still create music to promote their side. There are also those bands and artists who promote politically but does not display their political side. These artists are the ones who advertise people to vote. Due to the greatness of musics influence especially on the youth of today, artists promote political awareness and help these youth to care for the country and vote. There have been various commercials of bands or artists who display their stand to vote. Years ago, artists started to create the thought of â€Å"vote or die†. This shows their strong stand to help people vote. If there are the musical artists who promote their stand to vote, there are also those who oppose the actions of political leaders. For instance, there are several music artists who display their strong stand against President Bushs actions especially of the decision to send the countrys troops to Iraq. Years ago, there became a nationwide controversy regarding the Dixie Chicks opposing President Bush. This has led to different scenarios. This is just one example of music artists expressing their side. Through the years there are the bands like the notable punk artists such as the Sex Pistols, Dead Kennedys, The Clash and Green Day who have been notorious to utilize controversially political lyrics that bash the administrations. There are so many other bands who make use of their lyrics and catchy sounds to stir up messages that bring forth impact. We already jumped to the present times but the 1960s and 1970s are the decades that have really made expressionistic views through music. From the influential music of the rock bands of that era up to the formulation of the phenomenal rock concert named Woodstock, politics has served as a source of musical â€Å"revolution†. Woodstock, is the whole epitome of music serving as a tool towards political views. It is one of the most phenomenal events of history, a compilation of musical artists who serve for a single and peaceful cause. An expression of peace and a blatant display of care and intent to provide a better resolution to the war during those times, Woodstock became a festival of driven intention to promote peace and somehow express the side of the youth towards the actions of the American government especially pertaining to the Vietnam War then. Jumping back to the present, musics influence stands on different aspects. In the United States, such prominent music icons serve as the most influential artists that can accumulate a larger prospective view. There are those artists who serve for patriotic intentions while there are those who serve for what they think is better for the country. Its hard to count all these artists and specify their political views but the whole point is that the power of music is so great that when people choose to believe in it, their views and principles can be altered by musics life-changing influences. For music lovers and the die hard fans, most of them copy or imitate their favorite artists or bands, and in turn, some of them find it cool to follow their footsteps or even yet their views. Such is the power of music that it can affect political views and principles of people. Music can unite people but it can also segregate people. The genres are the ones which takes care of the segregation part but with the evolution of music today, the genres have become side by side with views and perceptions. All of them serve as the segregating factor. But nonetheless, music still has the power to unite and make people believe in something. Though it is a fact that all people dont possess the similar views, with regards to politics for that matter, there is a magnanimous challenge for music to unite everyone. The socio-economic class of people vary in a lot of ways and music also takes a part on it. As it is widely known, African Americans mostly take the side of Jazz, Hip-Hop and RB due to their history while the Whites take country music, pop, rock and punk. Segregation can also be evidently seen in these types of music which appeal to certain groups of people. All in all, music has served great not only in the United States but also around the world. The contributions of music to the history of the world somehow have created the different impacts on events. Whether be it on the past or today, musics vast power to capture a single persons political point of view is quite underrated. To some it may not look like as a big factor, but to some it also means a lot. Some people love music and that love for music helps them to believe in something. Personally, my political views have been strong from the start. Its not that music has influenced me or something, but seeing my favorite bands and artists taking a stand on what I believe in makes me feel that I am on the right side. Music helped me to become what I am today. It made me realize that someway, somehow I have something to believe in, something to be a fan of, and that I share this feeling with other people around the world. Music is a part of my life. I could not imagine my world without music. Though I know that not all people agree on my views, I still believe that music helps me to believe in something. The poetry of the lyrics, the awesome guitar rifts, the fast pace of the drums or even just the enlightening voice of the artist, these factors are the ones that helps me to create peace of mind and believe in something that has power and influence. Although I may not share the political views of all people, my music helps me take a stand and realize my worth and the worth of the country. Music artists have personally influenced me to vote and take a political stand but on what stand that is, its all up to me. Such is the power of music, it can alter, influence, and unite people.

Exploring Free Will and Decision Making in Albert Camus The Guest Essa

Exploring Free Will and Decision Making in Albert Camus' short story "The Guest," In Albert Camus' short story "The Guest," Camus raises numerous philosophical questions. These are: does man have free will?, are an individual's decisions affected by what society demands, expects, neither, or both?, and finally, how does moral and social obligation affect decision making? Balducci brings the Arab to Daru's door, informing Daru that "I have an order to deliver the prisoner and I'm doing so," (90) thus freeing Balducci of the responsibility over wherever the Arab ultimately ended up. Balducci didn't want the responsibility of the Arab possibly escaping, and by doing only as was expressly required of him (delivering the Arab to Daru's door and giving the orders of the Arab's destination to Daru), he was also setting the story so that any decision Daru later took was an act of Daru's alone and was not directly dependent on any other decision another man had made prior. Balducci avoids the social obligation he's supposed to feel. He should follow through on the prisoner's handling, but he doesn't have to. Balducci knows this, and decides to avoid the effort and instead justifies his leaving the Arab there by simply following his orders and not reading between the lines of the order. Daru ended up accepting the Arab, both because the prisoner was delivered to him, and because he had a sense of responsibility to the French government (or society) to at least accept him, if not deliver him to the police in Tinguit (social obligation to not let him go free, justice must be served because if it wasn't, society would turn to chaos). Daru's orders were escort the Arab there for he was "expected at police headquarters" ... ...ome men think about decisions and some just react to their environment like a glorified plant? Do all men know they have free will and understand what that means? Daru gave a choice to the Arab, was that fair for the Arab (and society) or was it an egotistical action based on what Daru thought was right, fair or just? Why did the Arab's ultimate choice depress Daru, and why did neither Balducci or Daru want to be responsible for another man? In the end the Arab really is 'the dog' of society. No decision was ever his (from the perspective of the reader and Daru), but still, how do we know if Daru is different? By answering some philosophical questions through use of characters in a vacuum, Camus raises many more questions, which is the modus opernadi of the philosopher: not to find answers, but to ask questions that will eventually have the answers inherent in them.

Disaster Management Essay

Disaster management is a way to help when disasters happen but it is also to help prevent them or to inform everyone about what may happen. The main function is to helping the citizens to understand what is happening. The state will determine how severe the disaster is and then the ones who are responsible for reporting to the appropriate government or agency will then make the recommendation to getting help for funding, support, and any emergency supplies to those who are affected by the disaster. The disasters that happen can be unpredictable like earthquakes, while other natural disasters could happen with some type of warning like flooding. B. The state of California has manuals that they use that goes into details about statewide policies, procedures, regulations, and any other important information that was developed and authorized by the state offices, department of finance, department of general services, and the government offices (Disaster Management – California Technology Agency – State of California, 2013). III. Examine local, state federal legal and regulatory requirements A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)- Has jurisdiction over all public and private sector places of employment in the state with exception of Federal employees, the USPS, private sector employers on Native American lands, maritime activities on navigate waterways of the US, private contractors on designated land under Federal jurisdiction, and employers that requires Federal security clearance. B. Joint Commission of Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) C. The California State Plan is operated under an agreement with OSHA. It is an occupational safety and health program in accordance with Section 18 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. D. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)- Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Act, Coordination with the Department of Homeland Security, Regional Emergency Coordinators, Emergency Care Coordination Center IV. Is there a Certificate of Need program for your state? A. Certificate of Need (C. O. N. ) programs are aimed at restraining health care facility costs. The Health Planning Resources Development Act of 1974 was put into effect across the nation. Over the past 30 years, there have been numerous changes and about 36 states retain some type of CON program. This program was used to approve the construction and expansion of health care facilities and services based on determination and community need. B. California does not currently have a C. O. N. in effect. Back in 1969, the state had implemented a C. O. N, ending in 1987. California’s C. O. N. program suffered from inadequate staffing and lack of data. V. What are the issues to consider when meeting the International Building Code for a facility? A. New codes vs. Old codes B. Updates to â€Å"I-Codes† done by diverse group of officials i. Corridor width ii. 8 feet of clear, unobstructed width iii. Defend-in-place practices iv. Visual and audible fire alarms. v. Elevator Lobbies vi. Floor openings vii. Smoke control viii. Ceiling and smoke partitions ix. Fully Sprinkler hospitals x. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers xi. Decorations on Wall. C. What Measurements may need to be done in advance of the new plan or renovation? i. Acoustical measurements to plan work zones accordingly to minimize decibels ii. Security measurements to ensure clear sightlines where needed, specialized door access and/or any visual monitoring via camera. iii. Measuring of equipment to ensure adequate planning of rooms iv. Safety measures D. List the stakeholders that may play a role in your development (Scott) Facility management i. Providers that are financially vested in the company ii. Depending on size of facility, CEO, CFO, VP, etc. iii. Input from floor staff to maximize area usage for patients iv. Patients-their input from potential comment cards or direct questioning in how to improve their care from a facility perspective. E. Conclusion i. Strong conclusion that provides details to what the State of California is working towards accomplishing safety awareness. ii. Existing disaster plans in the State of California. iii. State of California has financial instability affecting citizens as well as service. References Disaster Management – California Technology Agency – State of California. (2013). Retrieved from http://http://www. cio. a. gov/OIS/Government/disaster. asp HHS. gov. (2010). Retrieved from http://www. hhs. gov/asl/testify/2010/01/t20100125a. html US Department Of Labor. (2013). California State Plan. Retrieved from http://www. osha. gov/dcsp/osp/stateprogs/california. html What is disaster management? (2012). Retrieved from http://www. disastermanagement. in/2012/02/what-is-disaster-management. html Certificate of Need: State Health Laws and Programs . (2011). Retrieved from http://www. ncsl. org/issues-research/health/con-certificate-of-need-state-laws. aspx

Allama Iqbal and the Concept of Muslim Nation

IQBAL' S CONTRIBUTION TO THE REAWAKENING OF THE MUSLIM WORLD Muhammad Aman Hob ohm Some time before his death the poet and philosopher Mohammad Iqbal, in whose memory this meeting is held, wrote the following quatrain: â€Å"When I depart from this world everyone will say: â€Å"He was known to me But in truth, none knows this traveller, Or what he said, and to whom nor whence he came. â€Å"I have neither the good fortune of knowing Iqbal personally nor am 11 an Iqbal scholar. When I was asked by the Honorary General Secretary, Pakistan Cultural Group, to participate in this meeting and to share with you some of my thoughts on the contribution made by Mohammad Iqbal to the renaissance of the Muslim World in general and to the re-awakening of Muslims of pre-partitioned India in particular, I accepted, mainly for the following two reasons:Firstly I feel that as a Muslim whose own understanding of Islam has been deeply influenced by Iqbal it was my duty to join you in paying homage to this great and noble soul repaying some of the debt of gratitude I owe him for enlightening me through his writings on so many aspects of Islamic teachings and for in-creasing my love and respect for the Messenger (peace be upon him) — and his message through Iqbal's inspired exposition of the religion of Islam, — the religion of my choice.Secondly acceptance of your kind invitation to address tonight lies in the fact that I hail from a country for which Iqbal has always had the highest esteem and what is more, a deep and abiding love and admiration i. e. Germany. Iqbal himself tells us in the preface to Payam-e-Mushriq the book in which his art has probably reached the height of power and perfection, that of the two great sages who have influenced him more than anyone else in his career as a thinker and poet, one was Maulana Jalal-ud-Din Roomi — who hailed from the East, the other was Goethe, who came from West.Iqbal went to Germany in 1906 when he studied p hilosophy at the Universities of Heidelberg and Munich. He presented his doctoral thesis entitled â€Å"The Development of Metaphysics in Persia† to the Munich University which, in November 1907, conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His thesis was an original contribution to the subject and it still retains its importance. During his stay in Heidelberg and Munich he developed deep admiration for Germany, German thought, and poetry.As every scholar of Iqbal knows there are innumerable instances in his writings, his letters and in recorded conversation with him which clearly indicate that the works of German philosopher and poets have been a source of great inspiration to him. I have in my possession a number of letters which Iqbal wrote to his German tutor in Heidelberg. These letters, some of them written in fluent German, express his love and admiration for Germany in a most touching and convincing way. â€Å"It is impossible for me†, writes Iqbal to h is tutor â€Å"to forget your beautiful country where I have learned so much†. My stay in Heidelberg is nothing now but a beautiful dream. How I'd wish I could repeat it†. â€Å"I am very fond of Germany. It has had great influence on my ideals, and I shall never forget my stay in that country†. Never shall I forget the days I spent at Heidelberg, where you taught me Goethe's Faust, those were very happy days, indeed†. — And a final quotation, â€Å"Germany was a kind of second home to my spirit. I learned much and I thought much in that country. The home of Goethe has found a permanent place in my soul†.Iqbal's stay in Europe from 1905 till 1908 has had, I think one can call it, â€Å"revolutionizing† effect on his attitude to life, and nowhere does this find a more forceful expression than in his poetry. Iqbal's career as a poet began during his school days. His earlier poems show him as a lover of nature and as a patriot to his count ry, undivided India. Iqbal was, indeed, an ardent Indian nationalist, until he went abroad. However, during his stay in Europe he had an opportunity of studying modern nationalism at close quarters in its arious manifestations, with the- result that he came to realize the fundamental, antithesis between the narrow creed of racial and geographical loyalty and the broad humanistic outlook of Islam. Now he was no longer the poet of a particular nations. Despite he became the poet of Islam, and as such I dare say the poet of humanity. Likewise, his penetrating study of Western philosophy and social thought at their source, so to say, his stay in Europe enabled him probably as the first Muslim in Modern lines, — to study Islam in the light of modern philosophical concepts.In this process and this is significant as it shows the mettle of which Iqbal was made, his faith in his religion — Islam and significance and lasting character of the fundamental values of Islam which far from weakening, gained so much in strength and conviction and assumed such dimensions that from now on he devoted himself wholly and solely to The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam — to use the title, of his well known collection of lectures on the subject — he became the foremost Muslim thinker of our age.But we cannot say him the philosopher of Islam, for he was far more than a mere lover of wisdom. His feet were too firmly planted in the earth. The very essence of his teachings was movement, dynamism, creative activity and not passive contemplation. Art thou alive? Be enthusiastic, be a creator, Be a conqueror of the Universe like me Smash the World into pieces if it does not suit thee And bring forth another world from the depth of thy being It is irritating for a free man to live in a World made by othersHe who is devoid of creative power Is naught for me but an infidel and a heretic. This is the spirit which made him take upon himself the gigantic tas k of rousing millions of fellow countrymen, millions of human beings and making them cast off the moral inertia which had paralysed their mind and spirit in the course of centuries. And this is also the spirit which prompted him, perhaps even compelled him to associate himself actively with politics from the later 1920s till the day of his death. It is because the political ideas such as are taking shape in India today, may affect the structure of Islam†, Iqbal is reported to have said, â€Å"that I am interested in politics†. And he said elsewhere: â€Å"Politics has its roots in the spiritual life of man — Religion is a force of great importance in the life of the individual as well as of nations†. â€Å"And religion which in its highest manifestations is neither dogma nor priesthood nor mere ritual, can alone ethically pre-pare modern man for the burden of the great responsibility which the advancement of modern science necessarily involves†¦.It i s only by rising to a fresh vision of his origin and future, his whence and whither, that man will eventually triumph over a society motivated by an inhuman competition and a civilization which has lost its spiritual unity by its inner conflict of religious and political values†. So far Iqbal, the political thinker and visionary, who in this capacity too has found a place in history, through his famous presidential address at the Annual Session of the All India Muslim League at Allahabad in December 1930, in which he gave the world the concept of a consolidated, independent Muslim State in the Indo-Pakistan Sub-Continent.He thus became the founder, the originator of the Pakistan idea, though the word â€Å"Pakistan† was not coined by him. Iqbal's unique contribution to Muslim thought is his concept of the Ego and of the perfect man, as other speakers tonight are likely to dwell upon at length. This is a point, should like to make according to Iqbal –man can achie ve his highest possibilities only within and through society. This society must, however, fulfil certain conditions which Iqbal has formulated very clearly and which I may be permitted to enumerate, because of the importance which I personally attach to them.The ideal society must have a spiritual basis which is provided by the principle of Tawhid. â€Å"The state according to Islam, is only an effort to realize the spiritualism in a human organization†. â€Å"Islam, as a policy, is only a practical means of making this principle, the principle, of Tawhid, a living factor in the intellectual and traditional life of mankind. It demands loyally to God, and, this in my opinion is a pointed reference to British raj in lndia, not to thrones. And since God is the ultimate spiritual basis of all life, loyalty to God virtually amounts to man's loyally to his ideal nature. Iqbal further insists that it must centre around the Prophet (peace be upon him), that it must have a code †” the Holy Quran and a focus — Mecca, and it ought to apply itself to conquering the forces of nature. Iqbal was convinced that the decadence of the East as it obtained in his days and before, its economic and political disintegration were caused to a large ex-tent by its neglect of science. But let us not forget that he also demanded that his ideal society must maintain traditions, for traditions are a factor of stability. His ideal society is the Ummah as envisaged by Islam.His ideal man the Prophet (peace be upon him). At a time when the East was in an extremely distressing and difficult situation, defeated and humiliated by an adversity who seemed to be all powerful while the West stood at the apex of its glory, when no one would have given a frame for the Muslims and their future – he brought out in verse/and rhyme/and prose — thus laying the foundation for the resurgence of Islam of which we are witnesses — he brought out restated fundamentals, na y essentials of Islam in a clarity which cannot be surpassed.And by doing so he restored confidence in the hearts of millions of our brethren, fortified their belief and gave them new hope for the future. A future — and that was Iqbal's most cherished vision — in which alI Muslims would form an indivisible community, united in the belief that their religion, the religion of Islam — and here I may be permitted to quote Iqbal once again — that their religion, i. e. Islam is not a departmental affair. That is neither mere thought nor mere feeling, nor mere action; that it is the expression of the whole man. May God bless his soul.

Free Essays on Metaphor

, there is no single translation. Wabi can denote something one-of-a-kind, or the spirit of something; the closest we can come to a literal translation is â€Å"solitary†. Sabi defines time or the ideal image of ... Free Essays on Metaphor Free Essays on Metaphor Design Principles There are certain intrinsic principles that one needs to grasp to successfully capture the spirit of the Japanese garden. Most importantly, nature is the ideal that you must strive for. You can idealize it, even symbolize it, but you must never create something that nature itself cannot. For example, you would never find a square pond in the wild, so do not put one in your garden. You may certainly use a waterfall, but not a fountain. Another key point to remember is balance, or sumi. You are always trying to create a â€Å"large† landscape even in the smallest of spaces. While that nine-ton boulder looks right at home in the six-acre stroll garden, what effect does it have on a ten by ten courtyard? It would have all the grace and subtlety of a horse in a closet. Choose your components carefully. Rocks can represent whole mountains, pools become lakes. A small stretch of raked sand can become an entire ocean. The phrase â€Å" Less is more† was surely first spoken by a garden master. The elements of time and space One of the first things that occur to western eyes viewing a Japanese garden is the â€Å"emptiness† of portions of the garden. This is unsettling to gardeners accustomed to filling every space in the garden for a riot of color, but it is a key element in the design of Japanese gardens. This space, or ma, defines the elements around it, and is also defined by the elements surrounding it. It is the true spirit of in and yo, that which many of us know by the Chinese words yin and yang. Without nothing, you cannot have something. This is a difficult point to grasp, but it is a central tenet of Japanese gardening. Another key point to ponder is the concept of wabi and sabi. Like so many Japanese words, there is no single translation. Wabi can denote something one-of-a-kind, or the spirit of something; the closest we can come to a literal translation is â€Å"solitary†. Sabi defines time or the ideal image of ...

The Millikan Oil Drop Chemistry Experiment

The Millikan Oil Drop Chemistry Experiment Robert Millikans oil drop experiment measured the charge of the electron. The experiment was performed by spraying a mist of oil droplets into a chamber above the metal plates. The choice of oil was important because most oils would evaporate under the heat of the light source, causing the drop to change mass throughout the experiment. Oil for vacuum applications was a good choice because it had a very low vapor pressure. Oil droplets could become electrically charged through friction as they were sprayed through the nozzle or they could be charged by exposing them to ionizing radiation. Charged droplets would enter the space between the parallel plates. Controlling the electric potential across the plates would cause the droplets to rise or fall. Calculations for the Experiment Fd 6Ï€rÃŽ ·v1 where r is the drop radius, ÃŽ · is the viscosity of air and v1 is the terminal velocity of the drop. The weight W of the oil drop is the volume V multiplied by the density Ï  and the acceleration due to gravity g. The apparent weight of the drop in air is the true weight minus the upthrust (equal to the weight of air displaced by the oil drop). If the drop is assumed to be perfectly spherical then the apparent weight can be calculated: W 4/3 Ï€r3g (Ï  - Ï air) The drop is not accelerating at terminal velocity so the total force acting on it must be zero such that F W. Under this condition: r2 9ÃŽ ·v1 / 2g(Ï  - Ï air) r is calculated so W can be solved. When the voltage is turned on the electric force on the drop is: FE qE where q is the charge on the oil drop and E is the electric potential across the plates. For parallel plates: E V/d where V is the voltage and d is the distance between the plates. The charge on the drop is determined by increasing the voltage slightly so that the oil drop rises with velocity v2: qE - W 6Ï€rÃŽ ·v2 qE - W Wv2/v1

Geology and the Glacial History of the SW British Columbia Region Research Paper

Geology and the Glacial History of the SW British Columbia Region - Research Paper Example A geological chart of the SW province illustrates the numerous diverse rock types arranged in a complex pattern, for example, the map specifics show intrusive igneous rocks, which are characteristically coarse crystalline in nature. Regardless of the differences in mineralogical composition, these plutonic rock types tend to be related to a specific kind of terrain. These different rock types are structured in a complex range of simple stocks to the huge multi faceted batholith of the Coast Mountains. These means that the rocks in the SW region are comparatively resilient to weathering as they are comprised mainly of tough minerals made of quartz, hornblende, and feldspar structured as a unified fabric of interconnecting crystals. Consequently, inclines on these rock landforms are usually steep making the topography rugged. Glacially fashioned cliffs survive with little alteration, particularly in enormous or thinly jointed rocks. Joints and faults establish outlines of weakness and are shadowed by cliffs, gorges, and depressions. A brief description of tectonic history is essential in understanding the SW province since the key topographic structures of the region are tectonically managed and numerous mountainous ranges owe their current high altitude to recent fault uplift and not resistance to erosion. Tectonics is established as the major architectural forces in the SW province of British Colombia. Southwestern British Columbia known is also recognized as one of the most seismically lively regions in Canada.

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research Paper Example The main objective of the research was to find ways in which disability could be prevented among the older people suffering from a disease with long-term effects such as asthma and arthritis. This research enabled for the development of a program in which people suffering from chronic diseases could manage their disease with the help of the community. The research found that patients could be educated on how to cope with the disease symptoms while adhering to their medication, but most importantly keeping up with their physical mobility. It was found that exercise was fundamental in delaying the effects of disability caused by chronic diseases. The research also discovered that patients who enrolled for the â€Å"Chronic Disease Self-Management Program† (CDSMP) showed a positive progress in fighting their diseases and, in turn, reduced the level upon which they relied on health care services. As a result, each individual has a reduced financial burden and an increase in their self-reliance. This was a relief for most chronic disease patients because they cited the cost of managing these diseases as too high which led majority to fail in checking the effects. With the program developed under this research, the patients could save on cost in a healthy and effective self-assessment program. The research found that patients even changed their living habits; for example, some quit smoking because it was in line with the program. With the education given to the patients while in the program, they even reduced their alcohol consumption levels because it was interfering with their capacity to  cope with the chronic diseases. The research also found that patients adhered to a strict nutritional and health diet program, which was designed to improve their disease fighting immunity; hence, making them delays the effects of disability. The research also found that administering an exercise and fitness program to the patients led to controlled weight loss and manag ement. This exercise was also vital in regulating heart function, which was especially important in those suffering from heart failure. The research findings included a six month evaluation program among patients and several observations were made: the patients who enrolled for CDSMP showed increased levels of exercise and maintained fitness, as well as an improved capacity to handle the symptoms of chronic diseases. Another observation with the patients after six months was that the patients could communicate to their health care personnel better than before, which in turn helped the physicians to give them the right medication and in accordance with the needs of each patient. The research found that, after six months, the patients showed progress in their social activities and were able to participate more. The patients were able to control the effects of disability citing the self-assessment  as a major help in the process. The patients did not show physical or emotional stress because they seemed fit and relaxed. The program also gave the patients more energy as nutrition was administered at appropriate levels while the exercise ensured their bodies were strong. This increased energy enabled the patients to participate more in social activities and still not show signs of fatigue and stress. The research

Finance and Accounting of Carillion Plc Research Paper

Finance and Accounting of Carillion Plc - Research Paper Example Basing an argument on the financial information (income statement) there is a decrease in the general performance of the firm. The vital item in the income statement that outstands is a decrease in the revenue of the firm. In the 2011 fiscal year, the total revenue was  £4.9 billion which declined to  £4.4billion by the end of year 2012 then downscaled to  £ 4.1 in the year 2013. From the analysis, this shows a decrease of 10.2% and 6.9% from 2011 to 2013 respectively. The main cause of the decline from the financial report was the issue of rescaling the UK construction activities so that they make sure that they are associated in the size of their chosen market sectors (Annual Report 136). Such decrease in the revenue was anticipated as the company was trying to restructure and consequently fit the competitive advantage. However, the risk profile and overall quality improved as they remained selective in choosing contracts that they tried to bid. Secondly, from the income statement, it is clearly shown that the firm experienced a significant decrease in the expenses. The total expense in the year 2012 was  £ 11.5 million which decreased to  £ 9.5 million. From the computation, this is 17.4% reduction in the expenses. Other interest payable included private placement financing interest ( £14.3), finance lease of  £1.2 million and discount associated with lease provisions ( £1.4 million). From the investment point of view, this good sign for investors as the company has a future growth due to decreasing the costs of operation. The underlying profit of operations declined to  £214 million leading to a decrease in the overall revenue. This reduced form (2012:  £ 227.9) however; the operating margin remained at 5.6% and so investors should be concerned with the firm’s ability to generate profits.

Examining the strategic location of South Face Mine

Examining the strategic location of South Face Mine The strategic location of the South Face Mine, owned by Mountain Mining Canada Ltd (MMCL), catches the attention of Can-Do to make an offer for purchasing the mine. If our company successfully acquires it, the combination of better surface logistics and optimal location of new drift mines could provide an annual cost saving of up to $1.5 million for 20 years. However, MMCL has closed the mine and currently been spending on closure and reclamation of it; undoubtedly MMCL would like to transfer those costs to us. The purpose of this memorandum is to determine the walk-away point, which is the highest amount Can-Do would agree to offer in the negotiation with MMCL, with the use of data from the management budget provided by MMCL, the discounted cash flow model and sensitivity tests on various assumptions. Given the data in the MMCL management budget with removal of costs which are not transferred to Can-Do or can be internalized  [1]  , and assuming a 6% interest rate for discounting, the 15% contingency allowance used in MMCL implies an inflation rate of 2.55%. Having studied various assumptions, the sensitivity tests indicate the variance of short-term duration is the most important risk underlying as a 1-year extension of short-term costs reduces the value of acquisition by $6.6 million from $15.5 million to $8.9 million (58% of original value). A 2-year extension further reduces the value by 6.4 million to $2.5 million (16% of original value).  [2]   The recommended walk-away point would be $14 million, a value lower than the net values of acquisition calculated in most sensitivity tests excluding those with respect to short-term duration and estimated cost saving. It also means that an efficient cost control should be performed to avoid an extension of short-term cost and a failure to realize the estimated cost saving. It is also worth noting that there are large discrepancies of cost items between the 2006 and 2005 budgets. A detailed review on financial data is suggested so as to find out any hidden problems or risks. Introduction The purchase of the South Face Mine, currently owned by Mountain Mining Canada Limited (MMCL), can provide Can-Do a very large reduction in operating cost of North Fork Mine, located adjacent to South Face Mine, by an estimated amount up to $1.5 million annually for the next 20 years, attributed to the optimal location of new drift mines and the improved logistics. However, it is expected that MMCL would require us to bear the closure and reclamation costs. Therefore, the net value of the acquisition is the value of cost saving net of the value of those additional costs. By considering the data provided and computing the net value of acquisition, it comes up with the walk-away point, which is critical and crucial to our negotiation with MMCL. The remaining parts of this memorandum explain the determination of the walk-away point. In particular, the purpose of this study is to: Review the financial data provided Do sensitivity tests for assumptions with respect to the closure and reclamation costs Set a reasonable walk-away point Identify other possible risks for the determination of the walk-away point There are different types of costs, including short-term costs which will be incurred within five years and long-term costs which will be incurred during the whole reclamation period. There are also salvage values of equipments remaining on site (i.e. Inventory Disposition), and they will accrue to Can-Do. Moreover, MMCL has included a 15% contingency allowance in its calculation. From the table above, it is clearly observed that large discrepancies exist for most cost items between 2006 and 2005 budget, and this indicates a deficiency of the contingency allowance in 2005 to cover the adverse development of costs estimated from 2005 to 2006. It concerns us about the accuracy and reliability of the predictions. It is suggested a detailed review of financial data as well as other information related to the situation of the mine be conducted in order to discover any potential problems which may put our company at risk. Data Adjustment The data provided is subject to adjustments so as to calculate a more reasonable walk-away point. They include: Removing costs not to be transferred from MMCL to Can-Do (e.g. severance costs) Removing costs which could be realized from internalizing them in Can-Do (e.g. inspection costs) Analysis: Methods Assumptions Contingency Allowance Inflation Rate MMCL has included a 15% contingency allowance in its budget while has not considered the time value of cost items. Assuming the allowance is totally for the inflation, the implied inflation rate that is equivalent to the 15% contingency allowance is found to be 2.55% (using the Excel function à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"goal seekà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ), after the data adjustment aforementioned. Sensitivity Tests, Risks Walk-away Point To investigate the risks underlying, sensitivity tests have been performed to examine the uncertainties associated with the assumptions of cash flow projections (all with 0% contingency allowance). Table 3: Sensitivity Tests The table consists of the net value of the acquisition under different combinations of short-term duration, long-term duration, inflation rate and discount rate (Scenario Base and #1-10). From the table, it shows that under most scenarios the value of acquisition is around $14-15 million. Therefore, it would be appropriate and conservative to set $14 million as the walk-away point. In addition, an extra sensitivity test on estimated cost saving are conducted (Scenario #11-12). When compared to Scenario #4, it demonstrates that a 10% decrease in cost saving causes the value of acquisition below $14 million. It implies a strong control is needed to monitor that the realized cost saving is close to the estimated one. As shown in the tables, the short-term duration should be the key risk factor as an increase in it leads to a tremendous decrease in value (by comparing Scenario Base to Scenario #1-2 or Scenario #4 to Scenario #5-6). Can-Do should therefore pay much attention to the extension of short-term cost projections. Conclusions and Recommendations Based upon the modified cost budget and assuming a 6% discount rate, a 15% contingency allowance implies an inflation rate of 2.55%. Also, after a study of various assumptions by sensitivity tests, a walk-away point of $14 million will be sufficient for the acquisition of South Face Mine. However, a few issues have to be highlighted: The large variances between the 2006 and 2005 budget raise concerns of the validity and reliability of the estimated values in the budget. The implied inflation rate of 2.55% is less than the lower bound of inflation rate projected by our economists. The net value of acquisition is very responsive to the duration of short-term costs according to the results of sensitivity tests. The determination of walk-away point is based on the assumption that $1.5 million can be saved annually over 20 years. A slight decrease in it can be enough to cause an overall loss for the acquisition provided that the final purchase price of South Face Mine is close to the walk-away point. For some costs including water treatment operation/maintenance costs and salaries of accountant/environmental person, they may be internalized to a certain extent; yet they are not removed for the determination of walk-away point due to their specialty. This also provides a relatively conservative walk-away point implicitly. It is recommended that a detailed investigation should be carried out to verify the estimated costs in the budget as well as to locate any other problems. It is also proposed that an efficient cost control should be established in order to keep the cost be aligned with the prediction if Can-Do successfully purchases the South Face Mine from MMCL

Essay --

Have you noticed that since the birth of the Nobel Prize, most of the winners are from Europe and America while no one is from China (except for Mo Yan, who won the literature prize in 2012)? As stated, the United States occupies less than 5% of the world's population, but seventy percent of the winners are from US while China that holds one fifth of the world population has only one winner educated in mainland since 1949. What exactly led to present situation of China’s education system? I think China can not foster a Nobel Prize winner because of too much homework, the unreasonable education system, and universities’ not professional enough academic atmosphere. The first reason is that the burden of students today is heavier and heavier. For example, too much homework occupies major parts of students’ spare time. Due to it, students become weighed down with the homework. What is worse, too much homework makes students be afraid of study and exams, which can result in the loss of interest of study. So we can conclude that what too much homework brings to students is not the chance to exercise themselves but excuses for them to evade study. Gradually they regard the process of doing homework as finishing an unwilling mission rather than a way to check up drawbacks in study, which limits the extra time in which students exercise the ability of thinking, querying, and practicing. If students don not have a right attitude towards homework and study, maybe they won not be serious about academic research either when they work in their own fields. Another reason is that the unreasonable education system also contributes to the present situation. Since the recovery of college entrance exam system, the concepts of education have... ... entertainment. Our politics, religion, journalism, sports, education and business are willing to become a vassal of entertainment†. When that happens, even doing the serious research will become a king of trick to attract people’s attention and then fall into jokes. In a word, these three factors contribute to the present situation of China’s education system. The downside of the Asian system is that the national standards do not do much to foster creativity Glenn Zorpette (n.d) We still have a long way to go to perfect our system of developing ability such as E.D.Hirsch Jr (1995) â€Å"higher order skills†, â€Å"self esteem†, â€Å"metcognitive skills†, â€Å"critical-thinking skills†, â€Å"mere facts† which are qualified for society development. I hope one day I can hear the news where a scientist or a writer educated in the mainland of china not other countries win the Nobel Prize.

The Yankee Stadium’s History

Any discussion of the history of New York City without a history of the New York Yankees would be like describing Pavarotti without mentioning his voice. And any discussion of the Yankees without including Yankee Stadium would be farcical. And when you get right down to the nitty-gritty of historical realities encompassing the Yankees and Yankee Stadium you have to include Babe Ruth. The Babe, the â€Å"Bambino,† the â€Å"Sultan of Swat,† was the reason the Yankees built Yankee Stadium, and that is why they call it â€Å"The House That Ruth Built.† The Yankees are beyond any reasonable doubt the premier team in Major League Baseball. They have been in the World Series 39 times since the American League was fashioned in 1900 – and they have won 26 of them. The teams tied for second most World Series Championships are the Cardinals and Athletics with 9. The Yankees have been in New York since 1903; previously they were in Baltimore known as the Baltimore Orioles. They started out in New York as the Highlanders, playing at Hilltop Park (today, the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center sits where Hilltop Park was located). They played in the Polo Grounds (sharing it with its home team, the National League New York Giants) from 1913 to 1920. The Yankees became popularly known as the â€Å"Yankees† around 1904; and when the New York Herald reported on April 15, 1906, â€Å"Yankees win opening game from Boston, 2-1,† it was more or less official they were no longer the Highlanders. Meanwhile, tracing the origins of Yankee Stadium properly includes a brief recounting of how Babe Ruth got to the Yankees; he was the spark that lit the fire that put Yankee Stadium in the Bronx. By 1919, a strong rivalry had existed between the Boston Red Sox and the Yankees for several years. A young Boston pitcher who was also an unbelievable slugger, Babe Ruth, hammered the Yankees on many occasions, including Opening Day at the Polo Grounds on April 23, 1919. According to The New York Times (4/24/1919), â€Å"Babe Ruth won the game for the Red Sox in the first inning when, with Jack Berry on first base, he slammed out a lucky home run†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Final score, Red Sox 10, Yanks 0. There had been some doubt as to whether the phenomenal Ruth would even play for Boston in 1919; Ruth had been a hold-out in the spring, following a sensational season as a pitcher and slugger, and a magnificent World Series for Boston in 1918, in which he won two games (hurling 13 scoreless innings in one game) and gave Boston power at the plate. It was to be Boston's last World Series victory until 2004. In the spring of 1919, Ruth was holding out for $15,000 a year, according to a New York Times story (3/19/1919): â€Å"Ruth†¦wants $15,000 for one year or will sign a contract calling for $10,000 a year for three years.† The headline in The New York Times on December 27, 1919 read, â€Å"Ruth Talks Of Retiring†; the story said Ruth is â€Å"‘through with major league baseball' unless the management of the Boston American league Club is prepared to meet his demand for $20,000 a year.† The New York Times reported on March 22, 1919, that â€Å"Babe Ruth Finally Signs with Boston,† for a reported $27,000 for three years. Boston owner Harry H. Frazee's previous best offer had been $8,500, the Times reported. Contrasted with today's dollar value $27,000 would be worth around $540,000; and even though $27,000 doesn't sound like much compared to the $2.5 million original cost of building Yankee Stadium – or to the salaries today's players draw. (To wit, Derek Jeter's 2003 salary was around $15,000,000; he came to the plate 482 times; do the math and see Jeter earned around $30,000 per at-bat). But to the average New Yorker in 1920, Ruth's salary was a huge quantity of money. Hundreds of thousands of American boys were fighting in Europe in WWI (thousands of them dying), and 650,000 Americans had died recently due the influenza epidemic. Times were rough, to say the least. Meantime, after Ruth clubbed 29 homers in 1919, an October 12th Times article hailed him as the â€Å"mastodonic mauler†; New York obviously was in awe of this superstar. And then, to the great surprise of Gotham, the one of the biggest sports events of the century hit the headlines of The New York Times with the clout of a Ruthian grand slam (1/6/1920): â€Å"Ruth Bought by New York Americans For $125,000, Highest Price in Baseball Annals.† The story reported that Ruth's acquisition gave the Yankees â€Å"the hard-hitting outfielder long desired.† After coming to terms with the Yankees, for $40,000 on a two-year deal, the Yankee owner Colonel Jacob Ruppert soon took out a $150,000 insurance policy on the Babe, unprecedented at that time. And interestingly exactly one year to the day after the Times story hailing Ruth's arrival in New York, the Times headline (2/6/1921) rang: â€Å"Yankees To Build Stadium In Bronx.† In the article, Yankee owners Colonels Jacob Ruppert and Tillinghast L. Huston announced they had purchased 10 acres â€Å"on the east bank of the Harlem River,† between 157th and 101st Streets, from the estate of the late William Waldorf Astor. â€Å"On this terrain there will be erected a huge stadium, which will surpass in seating capacity any structure hitherto built for the accommodation of lovers of baseball,† the Times' article continued, in typical dramatic style, albeit there was no byline so the author was unknown. Excavation was to begin â€Å"in a few weeks and building will be expedited by every means known to human effort,† the article explained. The Yankees did not announce what they paid for the ten acres, but the Times had it â€Å"on good authority† the tab was $500,000, and the estimated cost of the projected stadium was $2 million. The â€Å"running time from Forth-second Street by subway is only about 16 minutes,† the story continued, and by â€Å"elevated train it will take about 2 minutes more to reach the Yankee's stadium than is necessary to get to the Polo Grounds.† The process of street-closings â€Å"will offer no obstacles,† the Times explained; and the stadium was projected to be â€Å"triple-decked,† which was made necessary â€Å"by the expectation of even greater patronage than that of the last season.† The obvious reference was to the fact that Babe Ruth is not only the greatest home run hitter in the game, but he was the biggest box office draw in all entertainment venues at that time. Prior to the decision to build the stadium on its present site, the Times (2/6/1921) reported that â€Å"until a few days† prior to February 5, 1921, Yankee owners â€Å"were inclined to favor the site of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum, between 136th and 138th streets, near Broadway.† The stadium was to hold 75,000 fans eventually, though at first it would only hold 50,000 (5,000 of them bleacher benches); yet â€Å"when the cost of building materials becomes more nearly normal,† the Times explained, the capacity will be increased to the higher figure. This â€Å"massive and most attractive structure has been designed to adorn the new playing field of Babe Ruth and his pals,† the story went on. â€Å"Concrete and steel of the finest quality available will be used†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Before any building could begin, and before contractors were to be hired to do the building, the approval from City Hall had to be obtained. And while New York City Mayor John F. Hylan first hedged on the decision for the city to â€Å"release its interest in the bed of Cromwell Avenue† in the Bronx, which ran directly through the site, he eventually signed off on the deal. However, the sub-headline on March 18, 1923, in the Times badgered the mayor a bit by shouting that â€Å"Mayor Hylan Holds Up Decision on closing of Street Running Through Site.† â€Å"I am not going to put my signature on the official document,† the mayor said in the Times, â€Å"until I find out whether everything is regular.† The â€Å"Sinking Fund Commission† had already signed off on the street's demolishment, and worried that the mayor's delay â€Å"might prevent the Yankees from playing in their new stadium in 1923,† the article indicated. Meantime, within a couple weeks, the mayor did sign off on the closing of two streets, which â€Å"came as a personal triumph for colonel Jacob Ruppert, President of the Yankees, who had labored for more than a year to obtain the necessary permission for the closing of the streets,† the Times reported in late March, 1922. [Note: the dates on the New York Times' archival documents do not always reflect the precise date of publication.] Not only did New York political bureaucracies have to be hurdled by Ruppert, the Astor family lived in England, and since it was their property that was the site used for the stadium, their consent was imperative. After official approval, the Times' headline â€Å"Yankees Call For Bids on Stadium† had a little editorial slant in the sub-headline, â€Å"If Contractor Are Rational In Prices Work Will Begin at Earliest Possible Date.† The date on this article can't be correct (it is 1/4/1922), so it must have been in late February. â€Å"Excavation, grading, masonry, sewers and downspouts, reinforced concrete, lathing and plastering, ornamental metal work, tile work, terrazzo floors, carpentry, toilets, roofing, sheet metal, steel sash, painting and wood bleachers† all went out to bid, the Times reported. And it did seem like there was a limited amount of capital available for the huge project, because the newspaper article mentioned that bids â€Å"for the steel work have already been obtained,† and â€Å"they were fairly satisfactory†¦ranging from much below the prices of a year or two ago, but rather higher than had been hoped by the men who have to put up the money for this project.† The colonel did not plan to â€Å"get what they considered the worst of it financially† in case the bids â€Å"proved to be beyond the bounds of reason,† the story explained. Ground was to be broken around the first of March. The White Construction Company of 95 Madison Avenue was selected as contractor of the stadium, the Times reported shortly after receiving city permission to go ahead. Work was to begin â€Å"on what will be the greatest baseball plant in the world† within a week, and the Osborn Engineering Company of Cleveland was chosen as overseer of general construction; the stadium was projected to be completed by September first, at that time. The number of seats available for fans, which had changed several times, in this article (â€Å"Yanks Pick Firm To Build Stadium†) it was listed at 60,000. A â€Å"double shift of workmen† will be employed, and the Osborn company predicted in the Times that â€Å"it will smash all records in the matter of speed.† The actual construction of the stadium of course received a great deal of coverage in The New York Times. One story (4/1/1923) – headlined, â€Å"Yanks' Stadium Big Engineering Task,† pointed to the massive construction effort being put forth, in order to meet an incredibly tight deadline, and listed the materials that would go into the stadium. To wit: Thirty-thousand yards of concrete (from 45,000 barrels of cement, 30,000 yards of gravel and 15,000 yards of sand); 2,500 tons of structural steel and 1,000 tons of reinforced steel; 2 million board feet of lumber for bleachers and forms; 600,000 â€Å"linear feet† of lumber for the grandstand seats; 4 miles of pipe for railings in box seats, reserved seats and bleachers; 500 tons of iron for stadium seats; and about 500 workmen were brought in to put it all together. In a story in the archival Times dated May 4, the cost of the stadium changed again, this time to $3 million, and the attendance capacity became 85,000. But all the inconsistencies notwithstanding, the Times' story with the most pizzazz of all the archival coverage of Yankee Stadium was published April 19, 1923: â€Å"74,200 See Yankees Open New Stadium; Ruth Hits Home Run.† While 25,000 were turned away from the sold-out house, those in attendance were treated to this: â€Å"In the third inning, with two teammates on the base lines, Babe Ruth smashed a savage home run into the right field bleachers.† This shot by Ruth was made all the more dramatic because he had been quoted as saying he would give â€Å"a year of my life† to smack a round-tripper on opening day in the new stadium. The 74,200 attendance figure that was reported by the stadium was, Times' readers learned on the 20th, â€Å"merely an estimate† by Yankees business manager Edward Barrow. In fact, only around 52,000 paid to see the game, plus several thousand were admitted with passes. But the Times – obviously feeling somewhat duped – reported that the 74,200 figures â€Å"were accepted without question and were published in hundreds of newspapers in this country and in various places around the world.† In addition to baseball, many sporting events have taken place in Yankee Stadium over the years, including: boxing matches with stars like Jack Dempsey (Muhammad Ali defeated Ken Norton on July 24, 1923); indeed over 30 championship fights have taken place at the stadium, according to the Yankees' Web site; NFL games with the New York football Giants between 1956 and 1973; Army-Navy football games, religious conventions (including two visits by Popes). Lights were installed at the stadium in 1946, and in the winter of 1966-67, the stadium got a $1.5 million update, consisting mostly of fresh paint. Starting in 1973, the stadium was torn down almost totally, and rebuilt; during that period, the Yankees moved to Shea Stadium for two seasons. The stadium has been the playground for American sporting icons like Joe DiMaggio, Lou Gehrig, Mickey Mantle, Roger Maris, Reggie Jackson, and many more.